CSS 2024 Environmental Science Paper

What is the mechanism of ozone depletion? What chemicals in the upper atmosphere are responsible for ozone layer depletion? What are the impacts of ozone layer depletion?

What is the difference between an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)? List and explain the entire EIA process. Where in the project cycle should an EIA be initiated?

One of the methods to control pollution problem is introduction of regulatory mechanisms, incentives and fines. In your opinion how can we control the smog problem by using one of those methods? How would you implement a plan at a city level to mitigate the smog problem?

What is the greenhouse effect? What is its mechanism? Which major air pollutants are responsible for causing global warming? Why is Pakistan considered more vulnerable to the effects of climate change when its contribution is less than 1% in total global GHG emissions?

Discuss important components of Pakistan's National Climate Change Policy. What is the impact of the 18th amendment on climate change policy formulation in Pakistan? How can Pakistan benefit from COP28?

What is occupational health safety and management? Provide examples of at least five workplaces with possible associated exposure risks. How can such exposure risks be minimized/controlled?

Write short notes on any two of the following: (a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); (b) Kyoto Protocol; (c) Eutrophication and its effects.