CSS 2021 Chemistry Paper I

Derive the Van der Waals equation for real gases. Discuss the significance of constants 'a' and 'b' and explain the conditions under which real gases behave ideally.

State the Gibbs Phase Rule. Apply it to the Water system and draw a well-labeled phase diagram showing triple point and critical point.

What are Lyophilic and Lyophobic colloids? Discuss the optical and kinetic properties of colloids, including the Tyndall effect and Brownian motion.

Explain the group displacement law in radioactivity. Distinguish between Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion reactions with examples.

Why are transition elements called d-block elements? Discuss their characteristic properties such as variable oxidation states, color, and magnetic behavior.

Define Raoult's Law. Explain the deviations from ideal behavior in liquid-liquid mixtures (positive and negative deviations).

Explain Bohr's atomic model. Derive the expression for the radius of the nth orbit of a Hydrogen atom and discuss its limitations.