CSS 2023 Chemistry Paper I

What is the Schrödinger wave equation? Derive it for a particle in a one-dimensional box and calculate the expression for energy and wave function.

State and explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics. How is entropy related to the spontaneity of a process? Calculate the entropy change for an ideal gas expansion.

Differentiate between Order and Molecularity of a reaction. Derive the kinetic expression for a second-order reaction where initial concentrations of reactants are different.

What is the Nernst Equation? Use it to calculate the electrode potential of a half-cell. Explain the working and construction of a Glass Electrode.

Discuss the VSEPR theory in detail. Using this theory, predict the shapes of NH3, SF6, and ClF3 molecules.

Explain the concept of Lanthanide Contraction. What are its causes and consequences on the properties of elements in the periodic table?

Define Crystal Field Theory (CFT). Explain the splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes with the help of diagrams.